A dictionary of English proverbs and proverbial phrases — Key Ideas to Explore
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Produced by Delphine Lettau, Lisa Reigel, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
Transcriber's Notes: Variations in spelling and hyphenation have been left as in the original. Words in italics in the original are surrounded by _underscores_. Ellipses match the original.
A few typographical errors have been corrected. A complete list follows the text.
THE FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS SERIES OF BOOKS.
Price 1s. cloth; 1s. 6d. half-bound in leather, red edges.
1. FAMILIAR LATIN QUOTATIONS & PROVERBS.
2. FAMILIAR FRENCH QUOTATIONS & PROVERBS.
3. FAMILIAR ENGLISH QUOTATIONS.
4. A HANDY CLASSICAL DICTIONARY.
5. BIBLE TRUTHS WITH SHAKESPEARIAN PARALLELS. By J. B. Selkirk.
6. A HANDY BOOK OF SYNONYMS, CONTAINING ABOUT 33,000 ENGLISH WORDS.
7. THE SECRETARY'S ASSISTANT AND CORRESPONDENT'S GUIDE. Nineteenth Edition.
8. TOURIST'S FRENCH PRONOUNCING HANDBOOK.
9. REASONS WHY WE BELIEVE THE BIBLE. By the Rev. James Copland, M.A.
10. TALES FROM SHAKSPEARE. By Charles Lamb.
11. A DICTIONARY OF DAILY BLUNDERS CORRECTING THEM.
12. RASSELAS. By Dr. Johnson.
13. ELIZABETH, OR THE EXILES OF SIBERIA.
14. REJECTED ADDRESSES.
15. A DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH PROVERBS.
16. PLUTARCH'S LIVES OF ILLUSTRIOUS MEN.
17. DE QUINCEY'S OPIUM-EATER.
18. THE STORY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. By the Rev. A. Carter, M.A.
19. A DICTIONARY OF MYTHOLOGY.
20. MOORE'S IRISH MELODIES.
21. MOORE'S LALLA ROOKH.
Coloured edges, 3s. each.
1. HANDBOOK FOR WRITERS & READERS (_English_).
2. REFERENCE HANDBOOK OF QUOTATIONS, _English, French and Latin_.
3. LAMB'S TALES FROM SHAKSPEARE, RASSELAS, & ELIZABETH.
4. REFERENCE HANDBOOK FOR BIBLE & GENERAL READERS.
5. HANDBOOK FOR WRITERS & READERS (_Classical_); CLASSICAL DICTIONARY, PLUTARCH, AND MYTHOLOGY.
A COPIOUS INDEX OF PRINCIPAL WORDS
_SELECTED AND ARRANGED_
'A DICTIONARY OF DAILY BLUNDERS,'
'A HANDY BOOK OF SYNONYMS,'
LONDON: WHITTAKER & CO.
"The genius, wit, and spirit of a nation are discovered by their proverbs."--LORD BACON.
Long before writing and books were in common use, proverbs were the principal means of imparting instruction. In modern times there is not so much need to apply these old sayings as a means of educating the people, but they are still constantly met with in the newspapers and in general literature, and they are rightly considered as "The texts of common life."
The late Earl Russell very aptly described a proverb as "The wisdom of many and the wit of one." We value proverbs chiefly as moral maxims teaching some practical lesson set forth in concise, pithy sentences, which are fixed in the memory without effort, and retained without being burdensome. They have been found useful for guidance in almost every condition of life; but, on the other hand, it is quite true that many dangerous precepts have been propounded in proverbs, and some of the older ones gave such questionable advice, or were couched in such objectionable language, that they have been very properly omitted from every collection intended, as this is, for general use. Other old proverbs have become obsolete, and as their meaning is now obscure, they have not been included in the Dictionary.
This series of "Handy Books" would hardly be complete without a collection of English Proverbs. Many books on the subject have been written, but it is hoped that this collection will, in some respects, be found to be an improvement on all its predecessors. Like _The Dictionary of Daily Blunders_, this _Dictionary of English Proverbs_ has been framed so as to enable the reader to find what he wants without difficulty. The Dictionary itself is arranged according to the principal words, and there is also a Copious Index of additional principal words.
Thomas Preston's A Dictionary of English Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases, part of the Familiar Quotations Series, collects hundreds of sayings under keyword headings, from 'Self' to 'Sorrow.' The entries are terse—often a single line—and drawn from oral tradition rather than literary sources. The preface cites Lord Bacon and Earl Russell, framing proverbs as 'the texts of common life.' This edition preserves original spelling and hyphenation, with a complete index of principal words. The arrangement by keyword (e.g., 'Shoe,' 'Shorn sheep') invites browsing, revealing how proverbs cluster around recurring concerns: work, thrift, caution, and social observation.
Keywords as Windows into Folk Priorities
The dictionary's keyword organization exposes the domains that generated the most proverbial wisdom. Under 'S' alone, entries range from 'Self do, self have' to 'Sorrow will pay no debt.' Domestic life dominates: 'Keep thy shop, and thy shop will keep thee' sits near 'Shear your sheep in May.' Practical advice abounds—'Short reckonings are soon cleared'—alongside cautionary notes like 'It's ill shaving against the wool.' The compiler's selection favors pithy, memorable formulations over obscure variants, giving a snapshot of Victorian-era common sense. The index allows cross-referencing, but the alphabetical structure itself tells a story: certain keywords (e.g., 'Sleep,' 'Sloth') generate multiple entries, suggesting their cultural weight.
Contrasting Voices: Moral Maxim vs. Wry Observation
Preston's collection balances earnest moralizing with sly humor. Alongside 'Sloth is the mother of poverty' sits 'Short and sweet like a donkey's gallop.' The entry for 'Sour grapes' explicitly attributes the phrase to the fox, acknowledging its fable origin. Some proverbs contradict each other: 'Slow and sure' contrasts with 'Short cuts are sometimes longest.' Others offer gendered advice—'Silence is the best ornament of a woman'—while 'My son's my son till he hath got him a wife' reflects family dynamics. This juxtaposition of maxims creates a layered portrait of conventional wisdom, where practicality and irony coexist without editorial comment.
Structure and Scope: A Reference Work's Limitations
The dictionary's format—keyword, then proverb—imposes order but also limits context. No usage examples or dates accompany entries, leaving the reader to infer provenance. The preface notes that proverbs were 'the principal means of imparting instruction' before widespread literacy, yet the collection itself is a product of print culture, aimed at readers who encounter these sayings in newspapers and literature. The 'copious index' enhances searchability, but the work's brevity (28102 words) means many proverbs receive only a single line. For scholars, the lack of sources or variant forms is a constraint; for casual readers, the clarity and concision are assets. The volume sits firmly in the 19th-century reference tradition, prioritizing utility over analysis.
Readers approaching this dictionary should treat it as a period artifact rather than a comprehensive scholarly edition. The proverbs reflect the values and preoccupations of their compilers and audience—thrift, caution, domestic order, and social hierarchy. Browsing alphabetically reveals unexpected juxtapositions and recurring themes. The index is the most practical entry point for locating specific sayings. For deeper study, compare entries with other proverb collections to trace variations and shifts in usage over time.
Leafing through Preston’s dictionary, I kept pausing on those old household proverbs about weather and thrift, and somehow my mind drifted to a very different kind of book. The tidy, practical phrases felt like distant cousins to the street-wise idioms in Useful Phrases in the Shanghai Dialect — Reading Companion. Both feel like quiet doorways into how ordinary people once shaped their days with words.
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